主语+be+形容词+that从句(that从句是原因状语从句,也有语法家认为是宾语从句)
I am glad that you have entered Beijing University.
It +be +形容词+that从句(that从句是主语从句,it是形式主语)
It is necessary that we should take action.
主语+及物动词+it+形容词+that从句(that从句是真正的宾语从句,it是形式宾语)
We find it important that we should study English.
主语+及物动词+宾语 +形容词+that从句(真正的宾语从句,it是形式宾语)
We find her confident that she can succeed. (that从句是是原因状语从句,也有语法家认为是宾语从句)
宾语
形容词从句:在句中起形容词作用的主谓结构,通常修饰它前面的名词或代词, 即它的先行词。分为限制性和非限制性两种。
限制性形容词从句:对先行词起限制作 用,这样的形容词从句不能随便省略,省略之后句意多半不完整。
举例:Is that the woman who wants to buy your car?
非限制性形容词从句:只是对先行词作进一步说明作为补充而已,对先行词不起限制作用。
举例:I’ve just met Mrs. Smith-Perkins, who wants to buy your car.
语法上的区别:
两种从句中关系代词的用法不同:
①非限制性形容词从句不能用that作关系代词。
②非限制性从句用which作关系代词时有时可以代替前面的整个句子。
③非限制性形容词从句中的关系代词都不能省略,而在限制性从句中,关系代词that, which。
关于that的特殊用法:它常常可以代替其他关系代词(除了 whose),既可指人,也可指物;可以作主语,也可以作宾语。
举例:
①He is the man who/that people like at first sight. (指人,主语)
②The school which/ that my children attend is within walking distance. (指物,作动词宾语)
③The ladder which/ that I was standing on began to slip. (指物,作介词宾语。)
关于that 和which的互换和不可互换:
如果先行词是物,which和that在限制性形容词从句中大都可以互换,但在非限制性形容词从句中不能用that。